Defining the Problem

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First, you must understand a very IMPORTANT NUMBER. According to the MHSAA, 14% of member schools are private schools. However, those schools win 31% of all the state titles. That proves that private schools have an advantage that must be equalized with a competitive balance plan like a separate playoff system or an enrollment multiplier. All of our neighboring states already have a competitive balance system in place. If you think the MHSAA should change the playoff structure get your school board to pass the Fair Playoffs Resolution.

All Sports (Data through Fall 2024)

  • Since 2000, 31% of all state titles were won by private schools. That is more than twice as many titles as they should have won statistically since private schools represent only 14% of MHSAA schools.
  • Since 2000, 45% of state titles in the bottom half of divisions (based on enrollment) were won by private schools. That is three times more titles than they should have won statistically.
  • In 2023, private schools won 39%, of all championships. This is the highest on record since 2000, the first year of our data. The lowest was 2002 when private schools won 19% of championships.
  • These numbers indicate that private schools have some sort of advantage that public schools don’t have, and therefore the MHSAA needs to consider more than enrollment in pairing up schools for the playoffs.

Fall Sports

Boy’s Cross Country (Lower Peninsula)

  • Since 2000, 17% of state titles were won by private schools.  This is slightly more than the number they statistically should win based on the percentage of private schools in the state.
  • Private schools have won the last 2 Division 3 state titles and the last 3 Division 2 state titles.

Girl’s Cross Country (Lower Peninsula)

  • Since 2000, 26% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • A private school has won 6 of the last 10 Division 4 Championships.

Football

  • Since 2000, 40% of state titles have been won by private schools.
  •  Of teams with 5 or more state titles since 1990, when 8 classes or divisions were created, 10 of the 15 are private schools.  Those 10 teams have 73 state titles between them.
  •  Lopsided contests between private and public schools are not uncommon.  Two of the biggest blowouts in state finals history have been private schools thrashing public schools. In the 2001 D5 title game, Jackson Lumen Christi beat an undefeated Livonia Clarenceville team 49-0. In the 2011 D7 title game, Saginaw Nouvel led an undefeated Pewamo-Westphalia team 56-12 at half time!  In 2014 Warren DeLaSalle beat Muskegon Mona Shores 44-8.
  • Private schools can still be successful playing against larger schools. In 2003, the private school Detroit DePorres won the Division 8 State Championship.  They had an enrollment of 248 students.  During the regular season they beat the eventual Division 1 State Champion Detroit Catholic Central 33-27.  Detroit Catholic Central had an enrollment of 1,996 students.

Girl’s Golf ( Lower Peninsula)

  • Since 2000, 34% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Since a 4th division was created in 2009, private schools have won 10 of 16 state titles in that division.

Boy’s Soccer

  • Since 2000, 56% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools have won the 13 of the last 15 state titles in Division 3.
  • Private schools have won 23 of the last 25 state titles in Division 4.  In fact, only one neighborhood public school, and one public charter school, have even appeared in the finals during that time.

Girl’s Swimming & Diving (Lower Peninsula)

  • Since 2000, 28% of state titles were won by private schools.

Boy’s Tennis

  • Since 2000, 41% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools have won the last 17 Division 3 titles.
  • Private schools have won the last at least a share of the last 17 Division 3 titles.

Volleyball

  • Since 2000, 48% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools have won 19 of the last 23 Division 4 Championships

Winter Sports

Boy’s Basketball

  • Since 2000, 30% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools have won 11 of the last 16 Division 4 titles.

Girl’s Basketball

  • Since 2000, 37% of state titles were won by private schools.

Boy’s Bowling

  • Since 2000, 14% of state titles were won by private schools. This is about the number they statistically should win based on the percentage of private schools in the state.

Girl’s Bowling

  • Since 2000, 5% of state titles were won by private schools.  In only 4 of 28 sports did the private schools win less than the number of state titles than they should have statistically.
  • Private schools won the Division 3 and 4 championships in 2024.

Competitive Cheer

  • Since 2000, 6% of state titles were won by private schools. In only 4 of 28 sports did the private schools win less than the number of state titles than they should have statistically.

Girl’s Gymnastics

  • Since gymnastics only has 1 division in the upper peninsula and 1 in the lower peninsula, and since multiple schools combine to have a program, gymnastics statistics were not included.

Hockey

  • Since 2000, 58% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • A private school, Detroit Catholic Central, has won 7 of the last 9 State titles.
  • In the smallest division, division 3, private schools have won 18 of the last 23 state titles.

Boy’s Skiing

  • Since 2000, 4% of state titles were won by private schools.  In only 4 of 28 sports did the private schools win less than the number of state titles than they should have statistically.

Girl’s Skiing

  • Since 2000, 20% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools have won 4 of the last 6Division 2 titles.

Boy’s Swimming & Diving (Lower Peninsula)

  • Since 2000, 22% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools have won 8 of the last 10 Division 3 titles.

Wrestling

  • Since 2000, 10% of state titles were won by private schools. In only 4 of 28 sports did the private schools win less than the number of state titles than they should have statistically.
  • The only private school to have won a wrestling title since 2000, is Detroit Catholic Central who has won 10 titles and had 3 runner up finishes. In 2018, they beat Brighton 57 to -1.

Spring Sports

Baseball

  • Since 2000, 40% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • In 2016 private schools won all 4 state titles.
  • Private schools have won 9 of the last 13 Division 3 state titles.

Boy’s Golf (Lower Peninsula) 

  • Since 2000, 51% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • In 2024, private schools won all 4 division state titles.
  • Private schools have won 5 of the last 6 Division 2 titles.
  • Private schools have won 13 of the last 15 Division 3 titles.
  • Private schools have won the last 8 Division 4 titles.

Girl’s Golf (Lower Peninsula) 

  • Since 2000, 34% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools have won the last 4 Division 2 titles.
  • Private schools have won the last 8 Division 3 titles.
  • Private schools have won the last 3 Division 4 titles.

Boy’s Lacrosse

  • Since 2005, 66% of state titles were won by private schools, the highest percentage for any sport.
  • A private school has won 17 of 18 titles in Division 1.

Girl’s Lacrosse

  • Since 2005, 20% of state titles were won by private schools.

Girl’s Soccer

  • Since 2000, 55% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools have won the last 20 of 21 Division 3 state titles.
  • Private schools have won 13 of the last 14 Division 4 state titles.

Softball

  • Since 2000, 22% of state titles were won by private schools.

Girl’s Tennis

  • Since 2000, 44% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools have won the last 13 Division 3 titles.
  • Private schools have won 13 of the last 14 Division 4 titles

Boy’s Track & Field

  • Since 2000, 20% of state titles were won by private schools.
  • Private schools won 4 of the last 5 division 4 titles.

Sources: The MHSAA

Double check my math on the Raw Data page.

More School of Choice Leads to Less Public School Championships

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Proponents of maintaining status quo for the MHSAA playoff system, where private schools represent just 14% of all schools but win 31% of the state championships, often cite Michigan’s School of Choice law as a reason they believe the current playoff system is fair.  However, a comprehensive look at the data debunks that assumption.

In 1996, Governor Engler signed the first School of Choice law in Michigan. The law allowed students to move within their intermediate school district. In 1999, that law was expanded to allow students to move to districts outside their intermediate school district.  In the year 2000, our baseline year for the Fair Playoffs initiative, 26,025 students were School of Choice students.  In 2009, the number of School of Choice kids at neighborhood public schools or charter schools was over 240,000, by 2015 that number ballooned to over 275,000 students, 23% of all public school kids.  However, as School of Choice has increased, private schools have begun winning a greater share of state championships.  The lowest rate of championships won by private schools was 19% in 2002, while the highest rate is 40%, in 2023 excluding football championships as those are not yet finished.

While we cannot be sure about why private schools are winning more than double the number of titles they should be winning statistically, and while we don’t know why that number is accelerating, we do know that the current system is outdated.  We have access to more information than ever.  We are capable of using multiple variables to solve complex problems.  Yet, the MHSAA continues to use just one variable, enrollment, to determine playoff groupings.  While kids have School of Choice, school districts are stuck with the complacent Michigan High School Athletic Association, who has a monopoly on the high school playoffs in Michigan.  It appears the only way to get the MHSAA to change, short of legislative action, is for a critical mass of school districts to pass the Fair Playoffs Resolution.  On behalf of public school children, please ask your school board to support this resolution and send a copy to us and directly to the MHSAA.

How States Institute Competitive Balance.

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    • Some states separate public and private schools for the playoffs.  Virginia, Texas, New York, New Jersey, and Maryland all have some form of separate playoffs for public and private schools.
    • Some states have a multiplier.  Private schools, or other schools with similar advantages, have their enrollment number increased.  This keeps public schools and private school playing each other, but most private schools, and potentially some public schools depending on the system, have to play in higher divisions.  Arkansas (1.75), Georgia (1.5), Illinois (1.65), Missouri (1.35), and Ohio have multipliers for the playoffs.  The number in the parenthesis represents the number that you multiply the school’s enrollment number by. Click on the state to learn more.
    • At least one state, Indiana, reclassifies teams based on past tournament success.
    • At least one state, Oregon, reduces enrollment by .25 for each student on free and reduced lunch..

Why we Shouldn’t Get Caught Up in the “Why.”

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Too often when we discuss why private schools are winning 2 to 3 times as many state titles as they should statistically, the debate becomes personal and people chime in with their anecdotal evidence.  The most common complaint I hear from supporters of playoff fairness is that private schools recruit, and private school parents can afford pricey summer camps and private lessons.  The most common defense I hear from those who want to keep things status quo, often people association with private schools, is that this is just “sour grapes” and that teams that don’t win titles need to get better coaches and get their players to work harder.  Those statements are often insulting depending on whose ears they fall on.  In reality, there are a lot of reasons that this imbalance  occurs.

The “why” is disputable, the fact that an imbalance is occurring is not. Therefore, the “why” distracts us from the “what.”  What are we going to do about this?  Those of us that support a fair system need to spend our energy lobbying the MHSAA, member schools, informing the public, and encouraging the coaches association and other entities to join us on this journey.  If you want to help, please approach your school board and ask them to sign the Fair Playoffs Resolution.